What type of operations involve large-scale and extended duration engagements?

Major operations and campaigns are defined by their large scale and extended duration. These operations typically involve the coordinated use of military resources across multiple divisions, services, and potentially allied forces. They are usually strategically significant, often aimed at achieving substantial, long-term objectives, such as the liberation of territory, the establishment of stability in a region, or the overwhelming defeat of an adversary.

In this context, major operations and campaigns may employ various tactics and techniques and can encompass multiple tactical operations that take place over a broader strategic framework. This contrasts with other types of operations like crisis response operations, which are typically shorter and more focused on immediate response to facilitate relief or restore order in emergencies. Tactical operations are generally smaller in scope and focused on specific objectives within a limited timeframe. Joint operations, while they can include major operations, are a collaborative effort among different military branches but do not specify the scale or duration. Thus, the focus on large-scale and extended engagements distinctly portrays why major operations and campaigns are the correct answer.